Perennial wildflower habitats

Perennial or biennial wildflowers can only successfully be established on substrates where they can successfully compete with grasses. Fertile topsoils are not suitable. Subsoil, free-draining gravels, building rubble and other material provide sites which disadvantage grasses, and allow space for wildflowers to thrive and seed. Subsoil The topsoil is the dark, crumbly layer of soil,...